This chapter is primarily oriented toward describing the actions taken in the 1980s aimed at achieving a successful privatization in the telecommunications industry and at the influence that this process had on the structuring of an appropriate regulatory framework for the industry.

Emphasis will be placed on public service telecommunications, namely local fixed calling and long distance and international telecommunications, as they constitute the backbone of Chile's telecommunications network.

The first portion of the chapter provides a brief historical overview of the physical, institutional and legislative development of Chile's telecommunications industry. It is important to note that, as with all services exhibiting the general characteristics of a natural monopoly, the industry's development has been influenced by the type of regulations implemented. This section concludes with a summary of the primary problems the industry faced in the mid 1980s.

The second section describes the measures taken to adjust the regulatory frame work, with an emphasis on those which the reformers believed would bolster economic efficiency in the industry's development.

Thirdly, a description is provided of the most important measures taken toward the end of the 1980s to pave the way for the full privatization of telecommunications in Chile.

Lastly, the current status of telecommunications in Chile and perspectives for future are presented along with a discussion of some of the problem sand salient issues facing the industry.

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